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Battery Safety (SafeBatt) Papers

 

A full list of publications to from the Battery Safety (SafeBatt) project to October 2025 can be found here. 

  1. Asphericity Can Cause Nonuniform Lithium Intercalation in Battery Active Particles; Mistry, A.; Heenan, T.; Smith, K.; Shearing, P.; Mukherjee, P.P.; ACS Energy Letters (May 2021) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00870
  2. Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries; Mrozik, W.; Rajaeifar, M.A.; Heidrich, O.; Christensen, P.; Energy and Environmental Science (Oct 2021) https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00691f
  3. Nanoscale state-of-charge heterogeneities within polycrystalline nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials; Tan, C.; Leach, A.S.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Parks, H.; Jervis, R.; Weker, J.N.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Cell Reports Physical Science (Dec 2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100647
  4. Spatially Resolved Operando Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Ni-Rich Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries; Leach, A.S.; Llewellyn, A.V.; Xu, C.; Tan, C.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Dimitrijevic, A.; Kleiner, K.; Grey, C.P.; Brett, D.J.L.; Tang, C.C.; Shearing, P.R.; Jervis, R.; Frontiers in Chemical Engineering (Jan 2022) https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2021.794194
  5. In-situ X-ray tomographic imaging study of gas and structural evolution in a commercial Li-ion pouch cell; Du, W.; Owen, R.E.; Jnawali, A.; Neville, T.P.; Iacoviello, F.; Zhang, Z.; Liatard, S.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Power Sources (Feb 2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230818
  6. Thermal Runaway of Li-Ion Cells: How Internal Dynamics, Mass Ejection, and Heat Vary with Cell Geometry and Abuse Type; Sharp, M.; Darst, J.J.; Hughes, P.; Billman, J.; Pham, M.; Petrushenko, D.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Jervis, R.; Owen, R.; Patel, D.; Wenjia, D.; Michael, H.; Rack, A.; Magdysyuk, O.V.; Connolley, T.; Brett, D.J.L.; Hinds, G.; Keyser, M.; Darcy, E.; Shearing, P.R.; Walker, W.; Finegan, D.P.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Feb 2022) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4fef
  7. Motion-enhancement assisted digital image correlation of lithium-ion batteries during lithiation; Jnawali, A.; Radhakrishnan, A.N.P.; Kok, M.D.R.; Iacoviello, F.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Power Sources (April 2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231150
  8. Operando Ultrasonic Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Battery Temperature and Behaviour at Different Cycling Rates and under Drive Cycle Conditions; Owen, R.E.; Robinson, J.B.; Weaving, J.S.; Pham, M.T.M.; Tranter, T.G.; Neville, T.P.; Billson, D.; Braglia, M.; Stocker, R.; Tidblad, A.A.; Shearing, P.R.; Brett, D.J.L.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (April 2022) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6833
  9. Experimental Study of Sidewall Rupture of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Nail Penetration; Chen, H.; Kalamars, E.; Abaza, A.; Tripathy, Y.; Page, J.; Barai, B.; SSRN (May 2022) https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4103302
  10. Plasma arc generated vapour cloud from nail penetration of lithium-ion modules?; Christensen, P.; Dickman, N.A.; Lambert, S.M.; Mrozik, W.; Wise, M.S.; McDonald, J.; Restuccia, F.; Lambert, P.; Research Square (June 2022) https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1775994/v1
  11. Quantitative spatiotemporal mapping of thermal runaway propagation rates in lithium-ion cells using cross-correlated Gabor filtering; Radhakrishnan, A.N.P.; Buckwell, M.; Pham, M.; Finegan, D.P.; Rack, A.; Hinds, G.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Energy and Environmental Science (July 2022) https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee03430h
  12. Emerging chemical heterogeneities in a commercial 18650 NCA Li-ion battery during early cycling revealed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction tomography; Matras, D.; Ashton, T.E.; Dong, H.; Mirolo, M.; Martens, I.; Drnec, J.; Darr, J.A.; Quinn, P.D.; Jacques, S.D.M.; Beale, A.M.; Vamvakeros, A.; Journal of Power Sources (Aug 2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231589
  13. Gaussian-Process based inference of electrolyte decomposition reaction networks in Li-ion battery failure; Bugryniec, P.J.; Yeardley, A.; Jain, A.; Price, N.; Vernuccio, S.; Brown, S.F.; Computer Aided Chemical Engineering (Aug 2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50027-8
  14. Controlling Li Dendritic Growth in Graphite Anodes by Potassium Electrolyte Additives for Li-Ion Batteries; Moharana, S.; West, G.; Walker, M.; Yan, X.S.; Loveridge, M.; ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces (Sept 2022) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c11175
  15. Improving capacity retention at 4.3 V in modified single crystal Ni-rich NMC//graphite pouch cells; Paez Fajardo, G.J.; Belekoukia, M.; Fiamegkou, E.; Menon, A.S.; Ruff, Z.; Shen, Z.; Shah, N.; Bjorklund, E.; Zuba, M.J.; Lee, T.-L.; Thakur, P.K.; Grey, C.P.; Weatherup, R.; Loveridge, M.; Piper, L.F.P.; SSRN (Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4255454
  16. Development and Application of a Poly(acrylic acid)-Grafted Styrene-Butadiene Rubber as a Binder System for Silicon-Graphite Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries; Jolley, M.J.; Pathan, T.S.; Wemyss, A.M.; Prokes, I.; Moharana, S.; Wan, C.; Loveridge, M.J.; ACS Applied Energy Materials (Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03489
  17. Experimental Study of Sidewall Rupture of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries under Radial Nail Penetration; Chen, H.; Kalamaras, E.; Abaza, A.; Tripathy, Y.; Page, J.; Barai, A.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acadac
  18. In situ chamber for studying battery failure using high-speed synchrotron radiography; Pfaff, J.; Fransson, M.; Broche, L.; Buckwell, M.; Finegan, D.P.; Moser, S.; Schopferer, S.; Nau, S.; Shearing, P.R.; Rack, A.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Jan 2023) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577522010244
  19. X-Ray Computed Tomography for Failure Mechanism Characterisation within Layered Pouch Cells: Part I; Patel, D.; Reid, H.; Ball, S.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Johnson Matthey Technology Review (Jan 2023) https://doi.org/10.1595/205651322X16595441894422
  20. X-Ray Computed Tomography for Failure Mechanism Characterisation within Layered Pouch Cells: Part II; Patel, D.; Reid, H.; Ball, S.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Johnson Matthey Technology Review (Jan 2023) https://doi.org/10.1595/205651323X16686891950941
  21. Failure and hazard characterisation of high-power lithium-ion cells via coupling accelerating rate calorimetry with in-line mass spectrometry, statistical and post-mortem analyses; Buckwell, M.; Kirchner-Burles, C.; Owen, R.E.; Neville, T.P.; Weaving, J.S.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Energy Storage (April 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107069
  22. Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications; Heenan, T.M.M.; Mombrini, I.; Llewellyn, A.; Checchia, S.; Tan, C.; Johnson, M.J.; Jnawali, A.; Garbarino, G.; Jervis, R.; Brett, D.J.L.; Di Michiel, M.; Shearing, P.R.; Nature (May 2023) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05913-z
  23. Predicting the Evolution of Flammable Gases During Li-ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using Micro-Kinetic Modelling; Bugryniec, P.; Vernuccio, S.; Brown, S.; Computer Aided Chemical Engineering (June 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15274-0.50172-4
  24. First Cycle Cracking Behaviour Within Ni-Rich Cathodes During High-Voltage Charging; Wade, A.; Llewellyn, A.V.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Tan, C.; Brett, D.J.L.; Jervis, R.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (June 2023) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ace130
  25. Sidewall breach during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway triggered by cell-to-cell propagation visualized using high-speed X-ray imaging; Fransson, M.; Broche, L.; Buckwell, M.; Pfaff, J.; Reid, H.; Kirchner-Burles, C.; Pham, M.; Moser, S.; Rack, A.; Nau, S.; Schopferer, S.; Finegan, D.P.; Shearing, P.; Journal of Energy Storage (July 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108088
  26. Comprehensive analysis of thermal runaway and rupture of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse conditions; Chen, H.; Kalamaras, E.; Abaza, A.; Tripathy, Y.; Page, J.; Barai, A.; Applied Energy (Aug 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121610
  27. Multiscale dynamics of charging and plating in graphite electrodes coupling operando microscopy and phase-field modelling; Lu, X.; Lagnoni, M.; Bertei, A.; Das, S.; Owen, R.E.; Li, Q.; O’Regan, K.; Wade, A.; Finegan, D.P.; Kendrick, E.; Bazant, M.Z.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Nature Communications (Aug 2023) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40574-6
  28. Calculating Heat Release Rates from Lithium-Ion Battery Fires: A Methodology Using Digital Imaging; Wise, M.S.; Christensen, P.A.; Dickman, N.; McDonald, J.; Mrozik, W.; Lambert, S.M.; Restuccia, F.; Fire Technology (Sept 2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01484-7
  29. Understanding improved capacity retention at 4.3 V in modified single crystal Ni-rich NMC//graphite pouch cells at elevated temperature; Páez Fajardo, G.J.; Belekoukia, M.; Bolloju, S.; Fiamegkou, E.; Menon, A.S.; Ruff, Z.; Shen, Z.; Shah, N.; Björklund, E.; Zuba, M.J.; Lee, T.-L.; Thakur, P.K.; Weatherup, R.S.; Aguadero, A.; Loveridge, M.J.; Grey, C.P.; Piper, L.F.J.; RSC Applied Interfaces (Sept 2023) https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LF00093A
  30. Evaluating Long-Term Cycling Degradation in Cylindrical Li-Ion Batteries Using X-ray Tomography and Virtual Unrolling; Jnawali, A.; Kok, M.D.R.; Krishna, M.; Varnosfaderani, M.A.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Sept 2023) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acf883
  31. Towards a micro-kinetic model of Li-ion battery thermal runaway — Reaction network analysis of dimethyl carbonate thermal decomposition; Bugryniec, P.J.; Vernuccio, S.; Brown, S.F.; Journal of Power Sources (Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233394
  32. Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells; Fordham, A.; Milojevic, Z.; Giles, E.; Du, W.; Owen, R.E.; Michalik, S.; Chater, P.A.; Das, P.K.; Attidekou, P.S.; Lambert, S.M.; Allan, P.K.; Slater, P.R.; Anderson, P.A.; Jervis, R.; Shearing, P.R.; Brett, D.J.L.; Joule (Nov 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011
  33. Predictive Hazard Level Assessment of Li-ion Cell Thermal Runaway Failure; Bugryniec, P.J.; Brown, S.F.; IET Conference Proceedings (Nov 2023) https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.3096
  34. Up in smoke: Considerations for lithium-ion batteries in disposable e-cigarettes; Reid, H.T.; Fordham, A.; Rasha, L.; Buckwell, M.; Brett, D.J.L.; Jervis, R.; Shearing, P.R.; Joule (Dec 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.11.008
  35. A review of ultrasonic monitoring: Assessing current approaches to Li-ion battery monitoring and their relevance to thermal runaway; Williams, D.; Copley, R.; Bugryniec, P.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.; Brown, S.; Journal of Power Sources (Jan 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233777
  36. Examining the effects of silicon based additives on the long-term cycling capabilities of cylindrical cells; Jnawali, A.; Kok, M.D.R.; Iacoviello, F.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Power Sources (Jan 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233851
  37. Listening to Batteries: Utilising Acoustic Characterisation Techniques to Optimise Formation Cycle Protocols in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Fordham, A.; Owen, R.E.; Dose, W.M.; Robinson, J.B.; Brett, D.J.L.; Jervis, R.; The Electrochemical Society (Feb 2024) https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2024-024479mtgabs
  38. The battery failure databank: Insights from an open-access database of thermal runaway behaviors of Li-ion cells and a resource for benchmarking risks; Finegan, D.P.; Billman, J.; Darst, J.; Hughes, P.; Trillo, J.; Sharp, M.; Benson, A.; Pham, M.; Kesuma, I.; Buckwell, M.; Reid, H.T.; Kirchner-Burles, C.; Fransson, M.; Petrushenko, D.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Jervis, R.; Owen, R.; Patel, D.; Broche, L.; Rack, A.; Magdysyuk, O.; Keyser, M.; Walker, W.; Shearing, P.; Darcy, E.; Journal of Power Sources (March 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234106
  39. The Influence of Cathode Degradation Products on the Anode Interface in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Zhang, Z.; Said, S.; Lovett, A.J.; Jervis, R.; Shearing, P.R.; Brett, D.J.L.; Miller, T.S.; ACS Nano (March 2024) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c10208
  40. Developing Preventative Strategies to Mitigate Thermal Runaway in NMC532-Graphite Cylindrical Cells Using Forensic Simulations; Holloway, J.; Maharun, M.; Houmadi, I.; Remy, G.; Piper, L.; Williams, M.A.; Loveridge, M.J.; Batteries (March 2024) https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10030104
  41. Operando Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Internal Temperature of Lithium-ion Batteries for the Detection and Prevention of Thermal Runaway; Owen, R.E.; Wiśniewska, E.; Braglia, M.; Stocker, R.; Shearing, P.R.; Brett, D.J.L.; Robinson, J.B.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (April 2024) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad3beb
  42. Pyrolysis-based modelling of 18650-type lithium-ion battery fires in thermal runaway with LCO, LFP and NMC cathodes; Sadeghi, H.; Restuccia, F.; Journal of Power Sources (May 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234480
  43. Review of gas emissions from lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure — Considering toxic and flammable compounds; Bugryniec, P.J.; Resendiz, E.G.; Nwophoke, S.M.; Khanna, S.; James, C.; Brown, S.F.; Journal of Energy Storage (May 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111288
  44. Unveiling aqueous lithium-ion batteries via advanced modelling and characterisation: A review; Guo, X.; He, H.; Zhao, S.; Dong, H.; Shearing, P.R.; Jervis, R.; Lin, J.; Energy Storage Materials (June 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103505
  45. Battery Types – Lithium Batteries – Lithium Battery Safety | Advanced Safety Testing; Buckwell, M.; Weaving, J.S.; Fransson, M.; Shearing, P.R.; Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources: Volume 1-7, Second Edition (June 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96022-9.00309-1
  46. Investigations into the Dynamic Acoustic Response of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Lifetime Testing; Galiounas, E.; Iacoviello, F.; Mirza, M.; Rasha, L.; Owen, R.E.; Robinson, J.B.; Jervis, R.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (July 2024) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5d21
  47. Investigating the Performance and Safety of Li-Ion Cylindrical Cells Using Acoustic Emission and Machine Learning Analysis; Fordham, A.; Joo, S.-B.; Owen, R.E.; Galiounas, E.; Buckwell, M.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Jervis, R.; Robinson, J.B.; Journal of the Electrochemical Society (July 2024) https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad59c9
  48. Performance of interstitial thermal barrier materials on containing sidewall rupture and thermal runaway propagation in a lithium-ion battery module; Read, E.; Mathew, J.; Charmer, S.; Dowson, M.; Lorincz, D.; Örökös-Tóth, I.; Dobson, M.; Marco, J.; Journal of Energy Storage (Aug 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112491
  49. Investigating thermal runaway dynamics and integrated safety mechanisms of micro-batteries using high-speed X-ray imaging; Fransson, M.; Broche, L.; Reid, H.T.; Patel, D.; Rack, A.; Shearing, P.R.; Applied Energy (Sept 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123070
  50. Real-time simultaneous monitoring of internal temperature and gas pressure in cylindrical cells during thermal runaway; Gulsoy, B.; Chen, H.; Briggs, C.; Vincent, T.A.; Sansom, J.E.H.; Marco, J.; Journal of Power Sources (Oct 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235147
  51. Predicting Critical Parameters to Prevent Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Propagation Considering Uncertainty; Bugryniec, P.; Brown, S.; ECS Meeting Abstracts (Oct 2024) https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2024-023365mtgabs
  52. Exploring thermal runaway propagation in Li-ion batteries through high-speed X-ray imaging and thermal analysis: Impact of cell chemistry and electrical connections; Fransson, M.; Pfaff, J.; Broche, L.; Buckwell, M.; Kirchner-Burles, C.; Reid, H.T.; Schopferer, S.; Rack, A.; Finegan, D.P.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Power Sources (Oct 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234916
  53. The effect of sidewall rupture on the propensity for thermal runaway propagation in a small lithium-ion battery module; Read, E.; Jones, S.; Marco, J.; Journal of Power Sources Advances (Nov 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powera.2024.100162
  54. Kinetic modelling of thermal decomposition in lithium-ion battery components during thermal runaway; Sadeghi, H.; Restuccia, F.; Journal of Power Sources (Feb 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.236026
  55. Key considerations for cell selection in electric vertical take off and landing vehicles: a perspective; Reid, H.T.; Singh, G.; Palin, E.; Dai, Y.; Zong, W.; Somerville, l.; Shearing, P.R.; Robinson, J.B.; RSC EES Batteries Perspectives (Feb 2025) https://doi.org/10.1039/d4eb00024b
  56. Nature of the Oxygen-Loss-Induced Rocksalt Layer and Its Impact on Capacity Fade in Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes; Shah, N.A.; Páez Fajardo, G.J.; Banerjee, H.; Pandey, G.C.; Menon, A.S.; Ans, M.; Majherova, V.; Bree, G.; Bolloju, S.; Grinter, D.C.; Ferrer, P.; Thakur, P.K.; Lee, T.-L.; Loveridge, M.J.; Morris, A.J.; Grey, C.P.; Piper, L.F.J.; ACS Energy Letters (Feb 2025) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00324
  57. The generalisation challenge: Assessment of the efficacy of acoustic signals for state estimation of lithium-ion batteries via machine learning; Galiounas, E.; Owen, R.E.; Robinson, J.B.; Jervis, R.; Journal of Power Sources (Feb 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.236047
  58. Supercapacitor safety: Temperature driven instability and failure of electrochemical double layer capacitors; Mazloomian, K.; Dore, T.R.; Buckwell, M.; Bird, L.; Shearing, P.R.; Miller, T.S.; Energy Storage Materials (March 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104115
  59. Operando phase transition mapping of the negative electrode of a Li-ion 18 650 battery at high C-rates through fast synchrotron XRD-CT measurements; Mombrini, I.; Heenan, T.M.M.; Checchia, S.; Jnawali, A.; Tan, C.; Johnson, M.J.; Di Michiel, M.; Jervis, R.; Rettie, A.J.E.; Brett, D.J.L.; Shearing, P.R.; Sustainable Energy and Fuels (March 2025) https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se00358f
  60. Experimental and numerical study of internal pressure of lithium-ion batteries under overheating; Chen, H.; Gulsoy, B.; Barai, A.; Nakhanivej, P.; Loveridge, M.J.; Marco, J.; Journal of Energy Storage (April 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.116066
  61. Modelling 18650-type lithium-ion battery fires using surrogate fuels; Sadeghi, H.; Restuccia, F.; Fire Safety Journal (July 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104464
  62. Flame heat emissions in thermal runaway of 18650-type lithium-ion batteries with thermally active particles – pages 13-22 ; Sadeghi, H.; Restuccia, F.; Proceedings of the Eleventh International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards (ISFEH11) (July 2025) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16621853
  63. Investigating the Heat Transfer to Surroundings from Flaming Batteries Utilizing a Surrogate Fuel Model – pages 138-149; Lugaresi, F.; Restuccia, F.; Proceedings of the Eleventh International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards (ISFEH11) (July 2025) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16621853
  64. Assessment of the risks posed by thermal runaway within marine Li-ion battery energy storage systems—Considering past incidents, current guidelines and future mitigation measures; Bugryniec, P.J.; Khanna, S.; Wootton, M.; Williams, D.; Brown, S.F.; Journal of Energy Storage (Aug 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.117070
  65. Insights into thermal runaway mechanisms: Fast tomography analysis of metal agglomerates in lithium-ion batteries; Venturelli, M.; Broche, L.; Buckwell, M.; Pfaff, J.; Fordham, A.; Kirchner-Burles, C.; Reid, H.T.; Gedara, M.T.; Schopferer, S.; Finegan, D.P.; Robinson, J.; Jervis, R.; Rack, A.; Darcy, E.; Shearing, P.; Fransson, M.; Journal of Energy Storage (Sept 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.117122
  66. Numerical and experimental characterization of nail penetration induced thermal runaway propagation in 21,700 lithium-ion batteries: Exploring the role of interstitial thermal barrier materials; Sun, Z.; Read, E.; Chen, Y.; Dai, Y.; Marco, J.; Shearing, P.R.; Journal of Energy Chemistry (Oct 2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.037
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